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According to Hinduism, the divine King Rama of the Ramayana epic reigned in Ayodhya, the capital of Kosala.
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The kingdom of Kosala, in the Mahajanapada era, was also located within the regional boundaries of modern-day Uttar Pradesh. 'great realms') or oligarchic republics that existed in ancient India, seven fell entirely within the present-day boundaries of Uttar Pradesh. The Dhamekh Stupa in Sarnath is where Gautama Buddha first taught the Dharma, and where the Buddhist Sangha came into existence through the enlightenment of Kondanna. Uttar Pradesh has several historical, natural, and religious tourist destinations, including Agra, Allahabad, Aligarh, Ayodhya, Kushinagar, Varanasi and Vrindavan. Uttar Pradesh has three World Heritage sites and ranks first among tourist destinations in India. The state houses several holy Hindu temples and pilgrimage centres. At the time of Indian independence movement in the early 20th century, there were three major princely states in Uttar Pradesh – Ramgadi, Rampur and Benares. Uttar Pradesh was home to most of the mainstream political entities that have existed in ancient and medieval India including the Maurya Empire, Harsha Empire, Gupta Empire, Pala Empire, Delhi Sultanate, Mughal Empire as well as many other empires. Hindi is the most widely spoken language and is also the official language of the state, along with Urdu. Hinduism is practised by more than three-fourths of the population, with Islam being the next largest religious group. Inhabitants of the state are called either Awadhi, Bagheli, Bhojpuri, Braji, Bundeli, Kannauji, or Rohilkhandi depending upon their region of origin. The state contributes 80 seats and 31 seats to the lower house Lok Sabha and to the upper house Rajya Sabha respectively. The High Court of the state is located in Allahabad. Allahabad Junction is the headquarters of the North Central Railway and Gorakhpur Railway Station serves as the headquarters of the North Eastern Railway. The state has currently two international airports, Chaudhary Charan Singh Airport (Lucknow) and Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport (Varanasi). President's rule has been imposed in Uttar Pradesh ten times since 1968, for different reasons and for a total of 1,700 days. The economy of Uttar Pradesh is the second-largest state economy in India with ₹21.73 lakh crore (US$290 billion) in gross domestic product and a per capita GSDP of ₹95,000 (US$1,300). The service sector comprises travel and tourism, hotel industry, real estate, insurance and financial consultancies. Though long known for sugar production, the state's economy is now dominated by the services industry. It covers 240,928 km 2 (93,023 sq mi), equal to 7.3% of the total area of India, and is the fourth-largest Indian state by area. The state is bordered by Rajasthan to the west, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Delhi to the northwest, Uttarakhand and an international border with Nepal to the north, Bihar to the east, Madhya Pradesh to the south, and touches the states of Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh to the southeast. The cultivable area is 82% of total geographical area and net area sown is 68.5% of cultivable area. The forest cover in the state is 6.1% of the state's geographical area. Other notable rivers are Gomti and Saryu. The two major rivers of the state, the Ganges and its tributary Yamuna, meet at the Triveni Sangam in Allahabad, a Hindu pilgrimage site. On 9 November 2000, a new state, Uttaranchal (now Uttarakhand), was created from Uttar Pradesh's western Himalayan hill region. The state is divided into 18 divisions and 75 districts, with the state capital being Lucknow, and Allahabad serving as the judicial capital. It was a successor to the United Provinces (UP) during the period of the Dominion of India (1947–1950), which in turn was a successor to the United Provinces (UP) established in 1935, and eventually of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh established in 1902 during the British Raj. It was established in 1950 after India had become a republic.
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With over 200 million inhabitants, it is the most populated state in India as well as the most populous country subdivision in the world.
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'Northern Province') is a state in northern India. Uttar Pradesh ( / ˌ ʊ t ər p r ə ˈ d ɛ ʃ/ Hindi: ( listen), lit.